WEBVTT Kind: captions; Language: en

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[♫ rhythmic theme music ♫] 

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Education is not an island
isolated from the rest of society.

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Historical events, philosophical, religious
and other ideologies, and especially

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political power, have shaped the
educational systems of countries.

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For almost 700 years, from the 12th
century until the beginning of the 19th,

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Finland was a remote province
of the Kingdom of Sweden.

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Swedish was the language of administration
and the upper social classes,

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but the majority of the
population spoke Finnish.

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The first impulse for some form of
basic education came from the church.

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The Protestant Reformation
was a religious reform movement

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that swept through Europe in the 1500s.

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An essential element of the Reformation
was the idea that people should

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be able to read the Bible
in their mother tongue.

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And therefore, they must be literate.

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So the Bishop Mikael Agricola translated the
religious text into Finnish, while also creating

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the first Finnish language grammar
and writing the first Finnish ABC book.

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Which led to the slow expansion of
public elementary schools and, finally,

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to the first law on compulsory
school attendance in 1921.

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The Basic Education Act of 1968
ultimately resulted in the success of

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the Finnish education system,
introducing the new comprehensive school

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system and replacing the
existing 2-tiered one.

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This system guarantees equal education
in all parts of the country and to

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all children, regardless of
their socio-economic background.

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In 2021, the law was changed
so that compulsory education

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is now extended from
16 to 18 years of age.

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Compulsory education will now end when 
a young person reaches the age of 18 or has

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completed an upper secondary qualification,
either a general upper secondary education

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and matriculation examination,
or a vocational qualification.

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 Tekstitys: Ääni Company - Sanelius 
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